In a mixing bowl, combine the ground turkey, breadcrumbs, egg, half the minced garlic, Italian seasoning, salt, and black pepper. Mix until just combined, then form the mixture into small meatballs about 1 inch across.
Set the Instant Pot to sauté mode and add the olive oil. Once hot, add the onion, carrots, and remaining garlic. Cook for 3 minutes until the onion starts to soften.
Pour in the chicken broth and stir to loosen any bits from the bottom. Gently add the meatballs to the pot.
Secure the lid, set the valve to sealing, and cook on manual high pressure for 8 minutes. Allow a natural pressure release for 5 minutes, then quick release any remaining pressure.
Open the lid and stir in the chopped kale. Let the soup sit for 2 minutes so the kale softens slightly before serving.