Preheat the oven to 375 degrees. In a large bowl, combine the ground beef, chopped jalapeños, cheddar cheese, breadcrumbs, egg, diced onion, minced garlic, salt, and black pepper. Mix until evenly blended.
Shape the mixture into a loaf and place it in a loaf pan. Bake for 45 minutes until the internal temperature reaches 160 degrees.
While the meatloaf bakes, make the coleslaw. In a separate bowl, stir together the shredded cabbage, shredded carrot, mayonnaise, apple cider vinegar, and sugar. Add salt and pepper to taste, then mix well. Chill the slaw until ready to serve.
Let the meatloaf rest for 5 minutes after baking. Slice and serve with the coleslaw on the side.