Heat the oven to 375°F. Line a rimmed baking sheet with parchment paper.
In a large bowl, combine the ground turkey, egg, breadcrumbs, cheddar, salsa, taco seasoning, and salt. Mix gently until combined, taking care not to pack the mixture too firmly.
Shape the mixture into a compact loaf on the prepared baking sheet. Bake until the center reaches 165°F, about 45 to 55 minutes.
While the meatloaf bakes, combine the black beans, corn, red bell pepper, and red onion in a medium bowl. Add the lime juice and cilantro, then stir gently.
Let the meatloaf rest for 5 minutes before slicing. Serve with the corn and black bean salad on the side or spooned over the slices.